Israeli Scientist Wins Nobel Prize for Chemistry
An Israeli scientist has won this year's Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery of a material in which atoms are grouped into a fixed pattern that never repeats.
Recent Nobel Prizes are usually divided credit for scientific advances of the two or three people, but the chemistry prize this year and supports 10 million kronor (1.4 million) went to a scientist Daniel Shechtman, of 70 years, professor of materials science at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology.
Dr. Shechtman is also a professor at Iowa State University and researcher at the Department of Energy's Ames Laboratory.
A statement by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences called simply "for the discovery of quasicrystals."
This is a consistent pattern but not repeated, defined by precise rules are known in mathematics since ancient and medieval Islamic artists made the ornament, not repeated mosaics, but the packing of atoms thought impossible.
But Dr. Shechtman discovered the same type of structure in a mixture of aluminum and manganese. During a sabbatical in the United States at the National Bureau of Standards, now known as the National Institute of Standards and Technology, he took a glob of molten metal and cooling it rapidly. The hope was that the atoms would have been a random jumble, like glass. But when he investigated his metal with an electron microscope, they found Dr. Shechtman that atoms are not random.
Your mobile phone recorded the exact date: April 8, 1982.
The researchers believed that crystals of all materials contained repetitive patterns. For example, a four-square lattice symmetry. Turn 90 degrees and it seems the same. A lattice with fivefold symmetry repeat, however, is impossible. That morning in 1982, Dr. Shechtman throwing electrons out of its aluminum-manganese formed a pattern that shows tenfold symmetry. Dr. Shechtman could not even believe it. He writes in his book, "10 times?"
While a periodic array could not produce the pattern of a quasicrystal could.
It took years for Dr. Shechtman to persuade others.
During the message, noted that the Nobel committee one colleague said, "Go, Danny," and he was even asked to leave the research group. Many researchers - including Linus Pauling, Nobel Prize in chemistry and giant - vehemently argued that Dr. Shechtman data could be explained by defects in the normal periodic crystals.
"Must have been intimidating," said Nancy Jackson, president of the American Chemical Society. "When he discovered that nobody thought these issues might exist. It was one of those great stories of science that scientists thought impossible peers, but over time, people realized he was right."
Crystal was also the definition to be redefined. Previously, the crystal was "regularly ordered, repeating three-dimensional model," according to the International Union of Crystallography. The new definition, which was adopted in 1992, the glass is simply a solid "discrete diffraction diagram '- which is something that produces models such as Dr. Shechtman seen.
This leaves the door open for even more different types of crystals in the future.
Quasicrystals have since been found in other materials, such as a naturally occurring mineral from the Russian River. Materials scientists have studied quasicrystals because of their different properties. A steel resilient includes a hard steel quasicrystals embedded in a softer steel, is now used a razor-thin needles eye surgery.
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| Israeli Scientist Wins Nobel Prize for Chemistry |
Recent Nobel Prizes are usually divided credit for scientific advances of the two or three people, but the chemistry prize this year and supports 10 million kronor (1.4 million) went to a scientist Daniel Shechtman, of 70 years, professor of materials science at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology.
Dr. Shechtman is also a professor at Iowa State University and researcher at the Department of Energy's Ames Laboratory.
A statement by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences called simply "for the discovery of quasicrystals."
This is a consistent pattern but not repeated, defined by precise rules are known in mathematics since ancient and medieval Islamic artists made the ornament, not repeated mosaics, but the packing of atoms thought impossible.
But Dr. Shechtman discovered the same type of structure in a mixture of aluminum and manganese. During a sabbatical in the United States at the National Bureau of Standards, now known as the National Institute of Standards and Technology, he took a glob of molten metal and cooling it rapidly. The hope was that the atoms would have been a random jumble, like glass. But when he investigated his metal with an electron microscope, they found Dr. Shechtman that atoms are not random.
Your mobile phone recorded the exact date: April 8, 1982.
The researchers believed that crystals of all materials contained repetitive patterns. For example, a four-square lattice symmetry. Turn 90 degrees and it seems the same. A lattice with fivefold symmetry repeat, however, is impossible. That morning in 1982, Dr. Shechtman throwing electrons out of its aluminum-manganese formed a pattern that shows tenfold symmetry. Dr. Shechtman could not even believe it. He writes in his book, "10 times?"
While a periodic array could not produce the pattern of a quasicrystal could.
It took years for Dr. Shechtman to persuade others.
During the message, noted that the Nobel committee one colleague said, "Go, Danny," and he was even asked to leave the research group. Many researchers - including Linus Pauling, Nobel Prize in chemistry and giant - vehemently argued that Dr. Shechtman data could be explained by defects in the normal periodic crystals.
"Must have been intimidating," said Nancy Jackson, president of the American Chemical Society. "When he discovered that nobody thought these issues might exist. It was one of those great stories of science that scientists thought impossible peers, but over time, people realized he was right."
Crystal was also the definition to be redefined. Previously, the crystal was "regularly ordered, repeating three-dimensional model," according to the International Union of Crystallography. The new definition, which was adopted in 1992, the glass is simply a solid "discrete diffraction diagram '- which is something that produces models such as Dr. Shechtman seen.
This leaves the door open for even more different types of crystals in the future.
Quasicrystals have since been found in other materials, such as a naturally occurring mineral from the Russian River. Materials scientists have studied quasicrystals because of their different properties. A steel resilient includes a hard steel quasicrystals embedded in a softer steel, is now used a razor-thin needles eye surgery.
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